Serplulimab (a PD-1 inhibitor) mainly causes immune-related adverse reactions, infusion reactions, and systemic symptoms such as fatigue. As an antineoplastic agent, the incidence and severity of its side effects vary individually and should be comprehensively evaluated based on the patient’s health status and treatment regimen. Close monitoring is required during treatment.
1. Common Side Effects
Immune-Related Adverse Reactions
Skin reactions: rash, pruritus, vitiligo；
Gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, colitis
Endocrine disorders: hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency；
Hepatic injury: elevated transaminases, jaundice.
Systemic Symptoms
Fatigue, fever, decreased appetite；
Muscular or joint pain；
Infusion Reactions；
Chills, dyspnea, hypotension (mostly occurring during the first infusion).
2. Severe Side Effects Requiring Vigilance
Immune pneumonitis
Manifested as cough and dyspnea, diagnosed by imaging; can be life-threatening in severe cases.
Myocarditis or myasthenia gravis
Rare but potentially fatal; monitor for symptoms including chest pain, palpitations, or muscle weakness.
Increased risk of severe infections
Activation of the immune system may raise the risk of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.
3. Precautions for Use
Regular Monitoring and Follow-Up
Assess thyroid function, liver and renal function before treatment.
Recheck every 2–4 weeks during treatment; intervene promptly if abnormalities occur.
Graded Management of Side Effects
Mild (Grade 1): Symptomatic treatment; treatment may be continued.
Moderate to severe (Grades 2–4): Treatment interruption and immunomodulatory therapy (e.g., glucocorticoids) are required.
Contraindications and Cautions
Contraindicated in patients with active autoimmune diseases or organ transplantation.
Use with caution in pregnant or lactating women and patients with severe cardiopulmonary diseases after careful risk assessment.
4. Medical Guidance
Serplulimab is a prescription drug and must be used strictly under the guidance of an oncologist. Immediately discontinue the drug and seek medical attention if persistent fever, dyspnea, severe diarrhea, jaundice, or other severe symptoms occur. Avoid live vaccines during treatment, and maintain a balanced diet and adequate rest to reduce infection risk.
